旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)是除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)裝置(zhi)的(de)一類。除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)機理是使含塵(chen)(chen)氣(qi)流作旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)，借(jie)(jie)助于(yu)離心力將塵(chen)(chen)粒從氣(qi)流中分離并(bing)捕集于(yu)器(qi)(qi)壁，再借(jie)(jie)助重力作用使塵(chen)(chen)粒落入(ru)灰斗。旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)各個部(bu)件(jian)都有(you)(you)一定的(de)尺寸比(bi)例，每一個比(bi)例關系的(de)變(bian)動(dong)，都能影響(xiang)旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)效率和壓力損(sun)失(shi)，其中除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)直(zhi)徑、進氣(qi)口尺寸、排氣(qi)管直(zhi)徑為主要影響(xiang)因素(su)(su)。在使用時(shi)應注意，當(dang)超過某一界限時(shi)，有(you)(you)利因素(su)(su)也(ye)能轉(zhuan)化為不利因素(su)(su)。另(ling)外，有(you)(you)的(de)因素(su)(su)對于(yu)提高除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效率有(you)(you)利，但卻會(hui)增加壓力損(sun)失(shi)，因而對各因素(su)(su)的(de)調整必須兼顧。、

旋風除(chu)塵器于(yu)1885年(nian)開(kai)始使用，已發展成(cheng)為(wei)多種形式(shi)。按氣(qi)流(liu)進入(ru)方(fang)式(shi)，可分為(wei)切向(xiang)進入(ru)式(shi)和軸向(xiang)進入(ru)式(shi)兩類。在相同(tong)壓(ya)力損失下，后者能(neng)處理(li)的氣(qi)體約為(wei)前者的3倍，且(qie)氣(qi)流(liu)分布均勻。

旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是由進氣管(guan)、排氣管(guan)、圓筒(tong)體(ti)、圓錐(zhui)體(ti)和(he)(he)灰斗(dou)組成(cheng)。旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結構(gou)(gou)簡單，易(yi)于(yu)制造(zao)、安裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)維護管(guan)理，設備(bei)投資和(he)(he)操作費用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)都較(jiao)低，已廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)從氣流中分離固(gu)體(ti)和(he)(he)液(ye)體(ti)粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，或(huo)從液(ye)體(ti)中分離固(gu)體(ti)粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)。在普(pu)通操作條件(jian)下(xia)，作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離心力(li)(li)是重(zhong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5～2500倍，所以旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率顯著(zhu)高于(yu)重(zhong)力(li)(li)沉降(jiang)室。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這一個原理基(ji)礎成(cheng)功(gong)研究出了(le)一款除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率為百分之九十以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。在機(ji)械式(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中，旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)式(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是效(xiao)率較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種。它適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)非(fei)黏性及(ji)非(fei)纖維性粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，大多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)5μm以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)，并聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)管(guan)旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)對3μm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粒(li)(li)(li)子(zi)也具有80～85%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耐(nai)高溫、耐(nai)磨(mo)蝕(shi)和(he)(he)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特種金屬或(huo)陶瓷材料構(gou)(gou)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，可(ke)在溫度高達(da)1000℃，壓力(li)(li)達(da)500×105Pa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia)操作。從技術(shu)、經(jing)濟諸方面考(kao)慮旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓力(li)(li)損失控制范圍一般(ban)為500～2000Pa。因此(ci)，它屬于(yu)中效(xiao)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，且可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)高溫煙(yan)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凈化，是應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，多(duo)(duo)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)鍋爐煙(yan)氣除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、多(duo)(duo)級除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)及(ji)預除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要缺點是對細小塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)(li)(li)（<5μm）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)率較(jiao)低。