過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)式除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)是使(shi)含(han)塵(chen)氣體(ti)通過(guo)一定的(de)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)材料(liao)來達(da)到分離(li)氣體(ti)中(zhong)固體(ti)粉塵(chen)的(de)一種高效除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)設備。過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)式除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)主(zhu)要有(you)兩類。一類是利用(yong)纖維編(bian)織物(wu)作為(wei)(wei)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)介質的(de)袋式除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)；另(ling)一類是采(cai)用(yong)砂、礫(li)、焦炭等顆(ke)粒物(wu)作為(wei)(wei)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)介質的(de)顆(ke)粒層除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)。

袋(dai)式除塵(chen)器工作(zuo)原理

袋(dai)式(shi)除塵(chen)器(qi)是將棉、毛或(huo)人(ren)造(zao)纖維等材(cai)料(liao)加工成(cheng)織(zhi)物作為濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)，制成(cheng)濾(lv)(lv)袋(dai)對含(han)塵(chen)氣(qi)體(ti)進行(xing)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)。當含(han)塵(chen)氣(qi)流(liu)通(tong)過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)孔隙(xi)時粉塵(chen)被阻留下來，清潔氣(qi)流(liu)穿過(guo)濾(lv)(lv)袋(dai)之后排出。沉積在濾(lv)(lv)袋(dai)上的粉塵(chen)通(tong)過(guo)機械振動，從(cong)濾(lv)(lv)料(liao)表面脫(tuo)落至灰斗(dou)中(zhong)。

濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)本身的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)孔較大，一(yi)般為20~50μm，表面(mian)起絨(rong)的(de)(de)(de)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)為5~10μm。因此(ci)，新用濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)袋的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)較低(di)。粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)顆(ke)粒因篩濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、慣性(xing)碰(peng)撞、攔截、擴散、靜電和重力(li)(li)沉降等作(zuo)用，使(shi)得(de)粗(cu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒首先被阻留，并在(zai)網(wang)孔之(zhi)間(jian)產生 “架橋”現象(xiang)，很快(kuai)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布表面(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)層(ceng)所謂粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)初層(ceng)。初層(ceng)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后，它便成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)袋的(de)(de)(de)主要過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)層(ceng)，而濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布只(zhi)不過起著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顆(ke)粒初層(ceng)和支撐(cheng)它的(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架作(zuo)用。粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)初層(ceng)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后，使(shi)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)布成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為對粗(cu)、細粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)皆有效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)材料(liao)(liao)，過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)劇增。對于1μm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒，主要靠慣性(xing)碰(peng)撞，對于1μm以下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒，主要靠擴散，總的(de)(de)(de)過濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)可(ke)達(da)(da)99%以上(shang)(shang)。隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)袋上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)積聚，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)不斷(duan)增加(jia)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)阻力(li)(li)也相應增大。當阻力(li)(li)達(da)(da)到一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)時(shi)(shi)，濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)袋兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)差會把(ba)有些已(yi)附著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)料(liao)(liao)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)細小粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)擠壓(ya)過去，使(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)明顯(xian)下(xia)(xia)降，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器阻力(li)(li)過大會使(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)處理氣體量顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)(xia)降，影(ying)響生產系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)排風(feng)效(xiao)(xiao)果。因此(ci)，除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器阻力(li)(li)達(da)(da)到一(yi)定(ding)數(shu)值后，要及時(shi)(shi)進行清(qing)灰，而清(qing)灰時(shi)(shi)又不能破壞粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)初層(ceng)，否則會引起除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)降低(di)。