電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)設備，是(shi)用來控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)流體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動化基礎元件，屬(shu)于執行(xing)器，并不(bu)(bu)限于液壓、氣動。用在工業(ye)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統中調(diao)整介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)、流量、速(su)度和其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數(shu)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥可以(yi)配合不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)來實現(xian)預期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，而控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度和靈活性都能夠保證(zheng)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥有很(hen)多(duo)種(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)閥在控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位置發揮作用，最常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)單(dan)向(xiang)閥、安全(quan)閥、方向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥、速(su)度調(diao)節閥等。

電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥里有密閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腔，在不(bu)同位(wei)置(zhi)開(kai)有通(tong)(tong)孔，每個孔連接不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)管，腔中間是活塞，兩(liang)(liang)面(mian)是兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵，哪面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵線圈通(tong)(tong)電(dian)閥體(ti)就會被吸引到哪邊(bian)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)閥體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)移(yi)動來開(kai)啟或關閉不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)孔，而進(jin)油(you)孔是常開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，液壓(ya)油(you)就會進(jin)入不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排油(you)管，然(ran)后(hou)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力來推動油(you)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活塞，活塞又帶動活塞桿，活塞桿帶動機(ji)(ji)械裝置(zhi)。這樣通(tong)(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)就控制(zhi)(zhi)了機(ji)(ji)械運(yun)動。

1、電磁閥(fa)從(cong)原(yuan)理(li)上分(fen)為三大類：

直動式電磁(ci)閥

原(yuan)理：通電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)線圈產生電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)力把關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)從閥座上提起，閥門打開；斷電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)力消失，彈簧把關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)壓在閥座上，閥門關(guan)(guan)閉(bi)(bi)。

特點：在真空、負壓(ya)、零壓(ya)時(shi)能(neng)正(zheng)常工(gong)作，但通徑一(yi)般不超過25mm。

分(fen)步直動式電磁閥

原(yuan)理(li)：它是一(yi)種直動(dong)和先導(dao)式相結(jie)合的(de)原(yuan)理(li)，當(dang)入口與出口沒有壓(ya)差時，通電后，電磁力(li)(li)直接(jie)把先導(dao)小閥(fa)和主閥(fa)關(guan)閉件依次向上(shang)提(ti)起(qi)，閥(fa)門(men)打(da)開。當(dang)入口與出口達到啟動(dong)壓(ya)差時，通電后，電磁力(li)(li)先導(dao)小閥(fa)，主閥(fa)下(xia)腔(qiang)壓(ya)力(li)(li)上(shang)升，上(shang)腔(qiang)壓(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)降(jiang)，從而利用壓(ya)差把主閥(fa)向上(shang)推開；斷電時，先導(dao)閥(fa)利用彈(dan)簧力(li)(li)或(huo)介(jie)質壓(ya)力(li)(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉件，向下(xia)移動(dong)，使閥(fa)門(men)關(guan)閉。

特(te)點：在零壓差或真空、高(gao)壓時(shi)亦能可*動作，但功率較(jiao)大，要求必須水平(ping)安(an)裝。

先(xian)導式電(dian)磁閥(fa)

原(yuan)理(li)：通(tong)電(dian)時，電(dian)磁力(li)把(ba)先導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)(kong)打(da)開，上(shang)腔室壓(ya)(ya)力(li)迅(xun)速下(xia)降，在(zai)關 閉(bi)件(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成上(shang)低下(xia)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差，流體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關閉(bi)件(jian)向上(shang)移(yi)動(dong)，閥門打(da)開；斷(duan)電(dian)時，彈簧力(li)把(ba)先導(dao)(dao)孔(kong)(kong)關閉(bi)，入口壓(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)過旁通(tong)孔(kong)(kong)迅(xun)速腔室在(zai)關閥件(jian)周(zhou)圍形(xing)成下(xia)低上(shang)高的(de)壓(ya)(ya)差，流體(ti)(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動(dong)關閉(bi)件(jian)向下(xia)移(yi)動(dong)，關閉(bi)閥門。

特點：流(liu)體壓(ya)力(li)范(fan)圍上限較高，可任意(yi)安裝（需定制）但必(bi)須滿足流(liu)體壓(ya)差條件。

2、電磁閥從閥結構(gou)和材料上(shang)的不同與原理上(shang)的區別，分(fen)為(wei)六個分(fen)支小類：直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、先(xian)導膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)結構(gou)、直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)結構(gou)、分(fen)步(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)結構(gou)、先(xian)導活塞(sai)結構(gou)。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)按照(zhao)功能(neng)分類：水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 常(chang)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防(fang)爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。