旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)是除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)裝(zhuang)置的(de)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)。除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)機理是使含塵(chen)(chen)氣(qi)(qi)流作旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)運動(dong),借助于離(li)心力(li)將塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)從(cong)氣(qi)(qi)流中(zhong)(zhong)分離(li)并捕集于器(qi)(qi)壁,再借助重力(li)作用(yong)使塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)落入灰斗。旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)各個(ge)部件都(dou)有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)尺(chi)寸比(bi)例,每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)比(bi)例關系的(de)變動(dong),都(dou)能影(ying)響旋(xuan)(xuan)風(feng)(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和壓力(li)損失(shi),其中(zhong)(zhong)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)直徑(jing)、進氣(qi)(qi)口尺(chi)寸、排氣(qi)(qi)管直徑(jing)為主(zhu)要影(ying)響因(yin)素。在(zai)使用(yong)時應注意,當(dang)超過某一(yi)(yi)界限時,有(you)利(li)因(yin)素也能轉(zhuan)化為不利(li)因(yin)素。另外,有(you)的(de)因(yin)素對于提高除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)有(you)利(li),但卻會增加壓力(li)損失(shi),因(yin)而對各因(yin)素的(de)調整必須兼顧。、
旋風除(chu)塵(chen)器于1885年(nian)開始使用,已發展(zhan)成為多種形式。按氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)進入方式,可分為切向進入式和(he)軸向進入式兩類(lei)。在(zai)相同壓力損失下,后(hou)者(zhe)能處(chu)理的氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)約為前者(zhe)的3倍(bei),且氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)分布均勻(yun)。
旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)由(you)進氣管(guan)、排(pai)氣管(guan)、圓筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、圓錐體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)灰斗組成。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)結構簡單(dan),易(yi)于(yu)(yu)制造(zao)、安裝和(he)維(wei)(wei)護管(guan)理(li),設(she)備投資和(he)操(cao)(cao)作費用(yong)(yong)都較低(di),已(yi)廣泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)從(cong)氣流中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)離固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)粒子,或從(cong)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)離固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)粒子。在普(pu)通操(cao)(cao)作條件(jian)(jian)下(xia),作用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)粒子上的(de)(de)(de)(de)離心力(li)(li)是(shi)重力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5~2500倍,所(suo)以(yi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率顯(xian)著(zhu)高于(yu)(yu)重力(li)(li)沉降室。利用(yong)(yong)這一(yi)(yi)個原理(li)基(ji)礎(chu)成功研究出了一(yi)(yi)款除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率為百分(fen)之(zhi)九十以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝置(zhi)。在機(ji)械式(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風式(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)效率較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)。它適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)非黏性及非纖維(wei)(wei)性粉塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),大(da)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)來去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)5μm以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子,并聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)管(guan)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)對3μm的(de)(de)(de)(de)粒子也(ye)具有80~85%的(de)(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率。選用(yong)(yong)耐高溫、耐磨蝕和(he)腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)特種(zhong)金(jin)屬(shu)或陶(tao)瓷材料構造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi),可在溫度高達1000℃,壓(ya)力(li)(li)達500×105Pa的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)操(cao)(cao)作。從(cong)技術(shu)、經(jing)濟諸方面考慮(lv)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)損失控(kong)制范圍一(yi)(yi)般為500~2000Pa。因此,它屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)效除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi),且可用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高溫煙(yan)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)凈化(hua),是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi),多(duo)(duo)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)鍋爐煙(yan)氣除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)、多(duo)(duo)級除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)及預除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要缺點是(shi)對細小(xiao)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(<5μm)的(de)(de)(de)(de)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)效率較低(di)。