電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)（Electromagnetic valve）是(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)工業設備，是(shi)用(yong)(yong)來控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)體的(de)自動(dong)(dong)化基礎(chu)元件，屬于執行器，并不(bu)限于液(ye)壓(ya)、氣動(dong)(dong)。用(yong)(yong)在工業控(kong)制(zhi)系統中調整介質的(de)方向(xiang)、流(liu)(liu)量、速(su)度和其他的(de)參數(shu)。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)可以配合不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)路來實現預期的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)，而控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)精度和靈活性都能夠保證。電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)有很多種，不(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)閥(fa)在控(kong)制(zhi)系統的(de)不(bu)同位置發(fa)揮(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，最常用(yong)(yong)的(de)是(shi)單向(xiang)閥(fa)、安(an)全閥(fa)、方向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)閥(fa)、速(su)度調節閥(fa)等(deng)。

電(dian)磁閥里(li)有密閉的(de)腔，在不同(tong)位置開(kai)有通(tong)孔(kong)，每個孔(kong)連接不同(tong)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)管(guan)，腔中(zhong)間是(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，兩面(mian)是(shi)兩塊電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)，哪(na)面(mian)的(de)磁鐵(tie)(tie)線圈(quan)通(tong)電(dian)閥體(ti)就(jiu)會被吸引到(dao)哪(na)邊，通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)閥體(ti)的(de)移動(dong)(dong)來開(kai)啟或關閉不同(tong)的(de)排油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)，而進油(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)是(shi)常開(kai)的(de)，液(ye)壓(ya)油(you)(you)(you)就(jiu)會進入不同(tong)的(de)排油(you)(you)(you)管(guan)，然后通(tong)過油(you)(you)(you)的(de)壓(ya)力來推(tui)動(dong)(dong)油(you)(you)(you)缸(gang)的(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)又帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)機械裝置。這(zhe)樣通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)電(dian)流通(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)制(zhi)了機械運動(dong)(dong)。

1、電磁閥從原理上分為(wei)三大類：

直動式電磁閥

原理(li)：通(tong)電時(shi)，電磁線圈產生(sheng)電磁力(li)把關(guan)閉件從閥座上提起，閥門(men)(men)打開；斷電時(shi)，電磁力(li)消失，彈(dan)簧把關(guan)閉件壓在閥座上，閥門(men)(men)關(guan)閉。

特(te)點：在(zai)真(zhen)空、負壓、零壓時能正(zheng)常工作，但(dan)通徑一(yi)般(ban)不超過(guo)25mm。

分步(bu)直(zhi)動式電磁閥

原理：它是一種(zhong)直動(dong)(dong)和(he)先(xian)(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)式相結合的(de)原理，當(dang)入口(kou)與(yu)出口(kou)沒(mei)有(you)壓差時(shi)，通(tong)電(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)磁力(li)直接把先(xian)(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥和(he)主閥關閉件依次向(xiang)上(shang)提(ti)起，閥門打開。當(dang)入口(kou)與(yu)出口(kou)達(da)到啟動(dong)(dong)壓差時(shi)，通(tong)電(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)磁力(li)先(xian)(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥，主閥下(xia)腔壓力(li)上(shang)升，上(shang)腔壓力(li)下(xia)降，從(cong)而利用(yong)壓差把主閥向(xiang)上(shang)推開；斷(duan)電(dian)時(shi)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)閥利用(yong)彈簧力(li)或(huo)介質壓力(li)推動(dong)(dong)關閉件，向(xiang)下(xia)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，使閥門關閉。

特點：在(zai)零(ling)壓差或真空、高壓時(shi)亦能(neng)可*動(dong)作(zuo)，但功率(lv)較大，要求(qiu)必須水(shui)平安(an)裝。

先導式(shi)電(dian)磁閥

原理(li)：通(tong)(tong)電(dian)時，電(dian)磁力(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)(kong)打(da)開，上(shang)腔(qiang)室(shi)壓力(li)迅速下降，在關(guan) 閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍(wei)形(xing)成上(shang)低下高(gao)的壓差，流體(ti)壓力(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)上(shang)移(yi)動(dong)，閥(fa)門打(da)開；斷(duan)電(dian)時，彈(dan)簧力(li)把先(xian)導孔(kong)(kong)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)，入口壓力(li)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)旁通(tong)(tong)孔(kong)(kong)迅速腔(qiang)室(shi)在關(guan)閥(fa)件(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍(wei)形(xing)成下低上(shang)高(gao)的壓差，流體(ti)壓力(li)推動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)向(xiang)下移(yi)動(dong)，關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)閥(fa)門。

特點：流體壓力范圍上限較高，可任意安(an)裝（需(xu)定制）但必須(xu)滿足流體壓差條件。

2、電磁閥從(cong)閥結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)和材料上(shang)的(de)不同與原理上(shang)的(de)區別(bie)，分(fen)為六個分(fen)支小類：直(zhi)動(dong)膜片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)膜片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先(xian)導(dao)膜片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、分(fen)步直(zhi)動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)、先(xian)導(dao)活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)按照功能分類：水用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃(ran)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。