除(chu)塵器的工作好壞(huai)，不僅直(zhi)接影(ying)響到(dao)除(chu)塵系統的可(ke)靠運行，還關系到(dao)生產系統的正常運行、車(che)間廠區和周(zhou)邊居民的環境衛生、風(feng)機(ji)葉(xie)片的磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)和壽命(ming)，同(tong)時還涉及(ji)有(you)經濟(ji)價(jia)值物料的回收(shou)利用問(wen)題。因此(ci)，必(bi)須正確地(di)(di)設計(ji)、選(xuan)擇與(yu)使用除(chu)塵器。選(xuan)擇除(chu)塵器時必(bi)須全面考慮(lv)一次(ci)投(tou)資(zi)和運行費(fei)用，如除(chu)塵效率、壓力損(sun)(sun)失(shi)、可(ke)靠性、一次(ci)投(tou)資(zi)、占地(di)(di)面積、維(wei)修管理等因素，根據煙塵的理化性質、特(te)點和生產工藝(yi)的要求，針對(dui)性地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇除(chu)塵器。

1.根(gen)據除塵效率的要求(qiu)

所選除塵器必須滿足排放標準的要(yao)求。

不(bu)(bu)同的除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)有不(bu)(bu)同的除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率。對于運行(xing)狀況不(bu)(bu)穩定或波動較大(da)的除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)系統，要(yao)注意煙氣處理量變化對除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率的影(ying)響。正常運行(xing)時，除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的效率高低(di)排序是：袋式除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及文丘里除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水膜旋風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、旋風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、慣性除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、重力除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)

2.根據氣體性質

選擇除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，必須考(kao)慮氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)量、溫度(du)、成分、濕度(du)等因素。電除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)適合(he)于(yu)大風(feng)量、溫度(du)<400℃的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈化(hua)；袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)適合(he)于(yu)溫度(du)<260℃的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈化(hua)，不(bu)受煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)量大小的(de)(de)(de)限制，當(dang)溫度(du)≥260℃時(shi)，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)應冷卻降(jiang)溫后方(fang)可(ke)使用(yong)袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)宜處(chu)理高濕度(du)和含(han)油污的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈化(hua)；易燃易爆(bao)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)凈化(hua)（如煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)）適合(he)于(yu)濕式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；旋(xuan)風(feng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理風(feng)量有限，當(dang)風(feng)量較大時(shi)，可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)多臺除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)并聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式；當(dang)需(xu)要(yao)同時(shi)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)和凈化(hua)有害氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)時(shi)，可(ke)考(kao)慮采(cai)用(yong)噴淋塔和旋(xuan)風(feng)水膜(mo)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。< p=“”>

3.根據粉塵性質(zhi)

粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)包(bao)括比電(dian)(dian)阻、粒(li)(li)度(du)、真密度(du)、瓢性(xing)(xing)、憎水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)硬性(xing)(xing)、可燃(ran)、爆炸等(deng)。比電(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)大或過(guo)小的(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)宜采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)，袋式(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)受(shou)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)比電(dian)(dian)阻的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)；粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)和(he)(he)粒(li)(li)度(du)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)效率(lv)的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)較為顯著，但對(dui)袋式(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)顯著；當(dang)氣(qi)體的(de)含塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)濃(nong)度(du)較高時，電(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)前宜設置預除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝置；袋式(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)型式(shi)(shi)(shi)、清(qing)灰方式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)過(guo)濾風(feng)(feng)速取決(jue)于粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)（粒(li)(li)徑、瓢性(xing)(xing)）；濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)適合(he)于凈化憎水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)硬性(xing)(xing)的(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)：粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)真密度(du)對(dui)重力除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)、慣性(xing)(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)旋(xuan)風(feng)(feng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)顯著；對(dui)于新附性(xing)(xing)大的(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，易導致除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)工作面貓結或堵塞，因此，不(bu)(bu)宜采用(yong)(yong)干法除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)；粉(fen)(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)凈化遇水(shui)(shui)后，能產生可燃(ran)或有爆炸危險的(de)混合(he)物時，不(bu)(bu)得采用(yong)(yong)濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)。

4.根據壓力(li)損失與能耗(hao)

袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)器的阻力(li)比電除(chu)塵(chen)器的阻力(li)大(da)，但從除(chu)塵(chen)器整體能耗來(lai)對比，兩者(zhe)能耗相差不大(da)。

5.根據設備投資和運行費用(yong)

6.節水與防(fang)凍的要(yao)求(qiu)

水資源(yuan)缺乏的(de)地(di)區(qu)不適合(he)采用(yong)濕式除塵(chen)器(qi)；北方(fang)地(di)區(qu)存在冬(dong)季凍結的(de)問題，盡(jin)可(ke)能不使用(yong)濕式除塵(chen)器(qi)。

7.粉塵和氣體回收利(li)用的要(yao)求

粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)具有(you)回收價(jia)值時，宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)干法(fa)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)；當粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)具有(you)很高(gao)的回收價(jia)值時，宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)袋式除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器；當凈化后(hou)的氣(qi)體需(xu)要回收利用(yong)或(huo)凈化后(hou)的空氣(qi)需(xu)要再(zai)循環利用(yong)時，宜(yi)采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)效袋式除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器。