除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)工作好壞，不僅(jin)直接影響到除塵(chen)系(xi)統的(de)可靠(kao)運(yun)行，還關系(xi)到生(sheng)產系(xi)統的(de)正常運(yun)行、車間廠區和周邊居民的(de)環境衛生(sheng)、風機葉片的(de)磨損和壽命，同時還涉(she)及(ji)有經(jing)濟價值物料的(de)回(hui)收(shou)利用問題。因此，必須正確地(di)設(she)計、選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)使用除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)。選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)時必須全面(mian)考慮一次投資和運(yun)行費用，如除塵(chen)效率、壓力(li)損失、可靠(kao)性、一次投資、占地(di)面(mian)積、維修管理等因素，根據煙塵(chen)的(de)理化性質、特點和生(sheng)產工藝的(de)要求，針對性地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)除塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)。

1.根據除塵(chen)效率的要求

所(suo)選(xuan)除塵(chen)器必(bi)須滿足(zu)排放標(biao)準的要求。

不同的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)具有不同的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率。對(dui)于運(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)況不穩(wen)定(ding)或(huo)波(bo)動較大的(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)系統，要注意煙氣處理(li)量(liang)變化對(dui)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)效率的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。正常運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時，除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)效率高低排序是：袋式除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)、電除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)及(ji)文丘里(li)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)、水膜旋風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)、旋風除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)、慣性除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)、重力除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)

2.根據(ju)氣(qi)體性質

選(xuan)擇除塵器(qi)(qi)時，必須考慮(lv)氣(qi)(qi)體的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)、溫度、成分、濕度等因素。電(dian)除塵器(qi)(qi)適合(he)(he)于大風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)、溫度<400℃的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈(jing)(jing)化；袋式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)適合(he)(he)于溫度<260℃的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈(jing)(jing)化，不受煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)大小(xiao)的(de)(de)限制(zhi)，當溫度≥260℃時，煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)應冷卻降溫后方(fang)可(ke)使用(yong)(yong)袋式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)；袋式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)不宜處理高濕度和含油污(wu)的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)凈(jing)(jing)化；易(yi)燃易(yi)爆的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體凈(jing)(jing)化（如(ru)煤氣(qi)(qi)）適合(he)(he)于濕式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)；旋風(feng)(feng)(feng)除塵器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)處理風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)有限，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)較大時，可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多臺除塵器(qi)(qi)并(bing)聯的(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)；當需要同(tong)時除塵和凈(jing)(jing)化有害氣(qi)(qi)體時，可(ke)考慮(lv)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)噴淋塔和旋風(feng)(feng)(feng)水(shui)膜除塵器(qi)(qi)。< p=“”>

3.根據粉塵性質

粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)包(bao)括比電(dian)阻、粒度、真(zhen)密度、瓢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、憎水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和水硬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、可燃、爆炸(zha)等。比電(dian)阻過(guo)大(da)或(huo)過(guo)小的粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，袋(dai)式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)比電(dian)阻的影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)；粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的濃度和粒度對電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)效率的影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)較為顯(xian)著，但對袋(dai)式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顯(xian)著；當氣(qi)體的含(han)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)濃度較高時，電(dian)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)宜(yi)設置(zhi)預除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)裝置(zhi)；袋(dai)式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的型式(shi)、清灰方式(shi)和過(guo)濾風(feng)速取決于(yu)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)（粒徑、瓢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)）；濕式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適合于(yu)凈化憎水性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和水硬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)：粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的真(zhen)密度對重力(li)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、慣(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和旋風(feng)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)顯(xian)著；對于(yu)新附性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)的粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，易導致(zhi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作面(mian)貓結或(huo)堵塞(sai)，因此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用干法(fa)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)；粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)凈化遇水后，能產(chan)生(sheng)可燃或(huo)有爆炸(zha)危險(xian)的混合物(wu)時，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得采(cai)(cai)(cai)用濕式(shi)除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

4.根據壓力損失(shi)與(yu)能(neng)耗

袋式除塵器的阻力(li)比電除塵器的阻力(li)大，但從除塵器整(zheng)體能(neng)耗來對(dui)比，兩(liang)者能(neng)耗相差不大。

5.根據設備(bei)投資和運行費用

6.節水與(yu)防凍的要求

水(shui)資源(yuan)缺乏的(de)地區不適合采用濕(shi)式除(chu)塵器；北方地區存(cun)在冬(dong)季凍(dong)結的(de)問(wen)題，盡可能(neng)不使用濕(shi)式除(chu)塵器。

7.粉塵和氣體回收利用的要求

粉塵(chen)(chen)具(ju)有(you)回收價值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)干法除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)；當粉塵(chen)(chen)具(ju)有(you)很高的(de)回收價值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器；當凈化后的(de)氣體(ti)需(xu)要(yao)回收利用(yong)(yong)或凈化后的(de)空氣需(xu)要(yao)再循(xun)環利用(yong)(yong)時(shi)，宜采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高效袋(dai)式除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器。